WASHINGTON—Upon returning to the White House, President Donald Trump rolled out a raft of executive actions and sweeping policy changes, making his first 100 days among the most consequential starts to a presidential term in modern U.S. history.
Serving as the 47th president, Trump is picking up where he left off, revisiting key priorities from his first term that were delayed by the Russia investigation, derailed by nationwide Black Lives Matter riots, or sidelined during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trump has refocused with unprecedented intensity on the staple issues that have defined his Make America Great Again agenda: securing the border, countering China’s unfair trade practices, and increasing domestic energy production.
On all three fronts, the president has taken actions many didn’t see coming, including a broad tariff strategy that targeted all global trading partners, or paying El Salvador to house illegal immigrant gang members.
Trump shattered President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s record of 99 executive orders in his first 100 days, potentially positioning himself as one of the most influential presidents in reshaping Washington.
Supporters have hailed Trump’s first 100 days back in the Oval Office as a restoration of American values and strength while opponents condemn what they see as overreach and chaos.
Trump has raced to build momentum on both domestic and foreign fronts, recognizing that without early progress, the window for advancing key items on his agenda could close quickly.
As the president marks 100 days into his second term, here’s a look at his major actions so far.
Border and Immigration
Among the most notable moves of Trump was the immediate crackdown on illegal immigration. He initiated large-scale deportations and significantly curbed the flow of migrants through the southern border, an action that won broad approval from voters.
These actions included a national emergency declaration, directing troops to the border, reinstating the Remain in Mexico policy, ending “catch-and-release,” restarting border wall construction, designating criminal cartels as foreign terrorist organizations, and ending birthright citizenship.

U.S. military personnel install concertina wire atop the wall along the U.S.–Mexico border near the San Ysidro Port of Entry in San Diego on April 23, 2025. Since taking office in January, President Donald Trump has launched a sweeping crackdown on illegal immigration, signing executive orders to direct troops to the border, reinstate the Remain in Mexico policy, end “catch-and-release,” restart border wall construction, designate cartels as foreign terrorist organizations, and end birthright citizenship. Patrick T. Fallon/AFP via Getty Images
Some of these efforts have since been challenged in court.
Additionally, Trump imposed tariffs on Mexico, Canada, and China in February in response to illegal immigration and fentanyl flowing into the United States via those countries.
Economy and Trade
Inflation eased in March thanks to falling gas prices. However, concerns about the economy, particularly trade policies, are increasing anxiety and eroding consumer confidence.
Trump imposed tariffs on nearly all U.S. trading partners, saying they have exploited the United States for decades.
This move triggered stock market volatility, wiping out trillions of dollars in market value and alarming millions as they watched their retirement savings shrink.
Trump urged Americans to be patient, saying there will be short-term economic pain to reap long-term benefits.
At the center of his hardline trade policy is an unsettling fact: In 2024, the United States posted a $1.2 trillion trade deficit—the largest in the world.
Spanish economist Daniel Lacalle told The Epoch Times that the large trade deficit and mounting national debt are proof that the United States has long suffered from unfair foreign trade practices, including both tariff and non-tariff barriers.
The administration retained the 10 percent baseline tariffs on all trading partners, but paused reciprocal tariffs for 90 days on all but China. The United States is now negotiating trade deals with 90 countries.

Charts showing the reciprocal tariffs the United States is imposing on other countries are displayed at the White House on April 2, 2025. During an event in the Rose Garden, President Donald Trump announced sweeping new tariffs on imports from countries including China, Japan, and India. Alex Wong/Getty Images
US–China Relations
Trump’s second-term foreign policy is revolving around confronting the Chinese communist regime.
The president has imposed sweeping 145 percent tariffs on Chinese imports, aiming to end Beijing’s unfair trade practices.
Trump’s tariff strategy is to build a global trade bloc to isolate China economically, according to Christopher Balding, a senior fellow at the UK-based think tank Henry Jackson Society.
The president is also freeing up military resources in Europe and the Middle East to focus on countering Beijing’s geopolitical ambitions, Balding told The Epoch Times.
Less than a month into his second term, Panama became the first Latin American country to exit China’s Belt and Road Initiative under Washington’s pressure. A U.S.-led group also announced plans to acquire Panama Canal ports from a Hong Kong company—another strategic win, though the deal is still pending.
While Trump expresses optimism about reaching a trade deal with Beijing, Balding says that Washington’s efforts to weaken the Chinese regime’s global influence will continue, regardless of the outcome of negotiations.

Panama’s President Jose Raul Mulino (C) looks on as Panama’s Security Minister Frank Abrego (L) and U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth sign a bilateral agreement in Panama City on April 9, 2025. Hegseth visited for a regional security summit, reinforcing the Trump administration’s focus on the Panama Canal. Franco Brana/AFP via Getty Images
Energy
Trump moved full throttle to reshape the United States’ energy sector. On Inauguration Day alone, he signed six executive actions aimed at “unleashing American energy,” including the declaration of a national energy emergency. And he hasn’t slowed down since.
Trump has removed the United States from the Paris Climate accords, eliminated the “EV mandate,” opened massive areas in Alaska for fossil fuel development, diluted restrictions on the coal industry, rolled back reams of Environmental Protection Agency regulations, and removed mentions of climate change from public websites.
He also preempted what his administration describes as state and local regulatory “overreach,” laid off or fired hundreds of federal agency employees, repealed appliance energy efficiency standards, and lifted the already-expired LNG pause.
That listing is a fingernail synopsis of a long list. The essence of the president’s actions is to prompt a “whole-of-government” 180-degree change in energy and environmental policies, with a deregulatory emphasis designed to dismantle the Biden administration’s focus on decarbonization.
How these actions pan out depends on how swiftly Congress can adopt long-awaited permitting reform and on global oil and gas markets.
Foreign Policy
In a whirlwind of diplomatic efforts, Trump launched a series of negotiations to bring an end to conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza and took a hard line on Iran’s nuclear ambitions before opening talks.
Trump reopened direct talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin, which had been frozen for four years.
“My proudest legacy will be that of a peacemaker and unifier. That’s what I want to be,” Trump said in his Jan. 20 inauguration speech.

Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and President Donald Trump talk as they attend the funeral of Pope Francis in Vatican City on April 26, 2025. Ukrainian Presidential Press Office via AP
DEI and Education
Trump moved swiftly to end diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs, making them an early target of his second term.
While DEI’s advocates argue that such programs help remedy historic injustices against black Americans and other minorities, Trump and his team see it differently. They say DEI violates civil rights law by introducing race-based discrimination.
On his first day in office, Trump signed an executive order to end DEI initiatives across the federal government. Subsequent executive actions expanded the effort, targeting DEI influence over university accreditation standards and federal contracting practices.
Trump also ordered an end to DEI programs in both K-12 and higher education. An April 3 letter from the Department of Education set an April 24 deadline for states to have districts certify that DEI is not in use in schools. A federal judge blocked that measure ahead of the deadline.
The administration has looked for leverage in the federal funding provided to universities and public schools.
Columbia University was the first to receive an administration demand to address anti-Semitism or lose federal funding. It agreed.
Harvard, when faced with a similar demand to address anti-Semitism and root out DEI, took a different approach. Citing academic freedom, the university rejected the requests and lost $2 billion in federal funding. The fight will now play out in the courts.

Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., on April 16, 2025. After President Donald Trump ordered an end to diversity, equity, inclusion programs in education, Harvard rejected the mandate, citing academic freedom, and lost $2 billion in federal funding as a result. Learner Liu/The Epoch Times
Jonathan Williams, president and chief economist of the American Legislative Exchange Council, told The Epoch Times that Trump’s order aims to complete “the unfinished business of Ronald Reagan, who wanted to eliminate the department back in the 1980s.”
DOGE
As part of his sweeping government overhaul, Trump created the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), appointing Elon Musk as a special adviser to lead the effort.
Despite its name, DOGE is not a traditional Cabinet-level department. It is a temporary body, set to sunset on July 4, 2026.

So far, DOGE reports that $160 billion has been saved through asset sales, contract terminations, and other efforts, so far well short of its bold $1 trillion first-year target.
The speed and boldness of Musk’s approach have drawn heavy fire from Democrats and the media, making DOGE one of the most controversial elements of Trump’s first 100 days. More than 120,000 federal workers across 30 agencies reportedly have been laid off since Trump took office.
After Tesla’s revenue and profit dropped significantly in the first quarter, Musk announced plans to scale back his contributions to DOGE in May.

Demonstrators protest outside a Tesla dealership in Long Beach, Calif., on March 29, 2025. Tesla CEO Elon Musk, who has led the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) as a special government employee, plans to scale back his role in May after the company’s revenue and profit dropped sharply in the first quarter. John Fredricks/The Epoch Times
Legal Battles
Trump’s agenda has faced more than 100 lawsuits, with many testing the boundaries between judicial and executive authority.
States and outside groups have sought to challenge Trump’s immigration actions, DOGE, mass firings within the executive branch, and sweeping halts on spending, among other things.
Meanwhile, the justices have been hashing out how far they can go in granting requests for emergency relief, particularly over Trump’s deportations under the Alien Enemies Act. Both liberals and conservatives on the court have issued strongly worded dissents, suggesting that their colleagues have exceeded the court’s authority.
Health
In his second term, Trump is prioritizing childrens’ health, chronic disease, and food safety, which has been influenced in large part by his choice of Health and Human Services (HHS) secretary, Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Kennedy has led a sweeping change at the HHS, cutting tens of thousands of jobs and reorienting the agency’s focus. He has pushed for bans on artificial dyes and narrowing the use of food stamps to cut out non-nutritious foods and drinks.
“I would like to have a timeline within a year, where they would start to put out the preliminary results,” Bhattacharya said on April 22.

Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr. speaks at a press conference with FDA Commissioner Marty Makary (R) and NIH Director Jayanta Bhattacharya (L) at the Department of Health and Human Services in Washington on April 22, 2025. The Trump administration announced plans to ban petroleum-based synthetic dyes from the U.S. food supply, a move welcomed by health experts and marking a rare point of bipartisan agreement. Oliver Contreras/AFP via Getty Images
What’s Next?
As he marks his first 100 days, Trump is pressing forward on his domestic agenda, with tax cuts at the top of his list.
Unlike his first term when he faced resistance from some Republican lawmakers and often clashed with GOP leaders, House Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), Trump now seems to be working more smoothly with House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) and Senate Majority Leader John Thune (R-S.D.)
In April, Congress passed a budget plan, clearing the way for Republican leaders to draw up a broad bill focusing on a host of Trump measures on defense, energy, immigration, and tax cuts.
GOP leaders in both chambers will need to negotiate the reconciliation package and secure the passage of Trump’s legislative agenda by the August recess.
Trump hopes that his tax cuts will fuel an economic and stock market boom, helping to offset the pain caused by the tariffs.
He recently floated a new income tax cut for people earning less than $200,000 per year.
“When Tariffs cut in, many people’s Income Taxes will be substantially reduced, maybe even completely eliminated. Focus will be on people making less than $200,000 a year,” Trump wrote in an April 27 post on Truth Social.
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